Sensitive Teeth

Tooth sensitivity (dentin hypersensitivity) causes sharp, temporary pain when teeth are exposed to hot, cold, sweet, acidic foods and drinks, or cold air. It's a common problem affecting millions of people, ranging from mild discomfort to severe pain that impacts quality of life.

What Causes Tooth Sensitivity?

Sensitivity occurs when the protective enamel wears down or gums recede, exposing the underlying dentin. Dentin contains tiny tubules leading to the tooth nerve. When exposed to triggers, these tubules allow sensations to reach the nerve, causing pain.

Common Causes

• Worn tooth enamel: From aggressive brushing or acidic foods
• Gum recession: Exposes tooth roots which lack enamel protection
• Tooth decay or cavities: Create pathways to nerves
• Worn fillings: Allow temperature changes to reach nerves
• Cracked or chipped teeth: Expose dentin
• Teeth grinding (bruxism): Wears down enamel
• Recent dental work: Temporary sensitivity after fillings, crowns, or cleaning
• Whitening products: Can temporarily increase sensitivity
• Acidic foods and drinks: Erode enamel over time
• Gum disease: Causes recession and exposure

Symptoms

• Sharp, sudden pain when consuming hot, cold, sweet, or acidic items
• Discomfort when breathing cold air
• Pain when brushing or flossing
• Sensitivity in one tooth or multiple teeth
• Pain that lasts seconds to minutes after exposure

At-Home Treatments

Desensitizing Toothpaste

Special toothpastes contain compounds that block nerve signals. Apply directly to sensitive areas and brush regularly. Results typically appear within 1-2 weeks.

Popular brands: Sensodyne, Colgate Sensitive, ProNamel

Soft-Bristled Toothbrush

Switch to a soft-bristled brush and use gentle circular motions. Aggressive brushing worsens sensitivity by wearing enamel and causing recession.

Fluoride Mouthwash

Daily use strengthens enamel and reduces sensitivity. Swish for 30-60 seconds without rinsing afterward.

Avoid Triggers

• Limit acidic foods and drinks (citrus, wine, soda)
• Use a straw for acidic beverages
• Wait 30 minutes after eating acidic foods before brushing
• Avoid extreme temperatures

Address Teeth Grinding

If you grind teeth, wear a nightguard to protect enamel.

Professional Treatments

When home remedies don't help, your dentist can:

Fluoride Treatments

Professional-strength fluoride varnish or gel applied to sensitive areas strengthens enamel and blocks tubules.

Cost: £20-£50 per treatment

Bonding or Sealants

Tooth-colored resin seals exposed dentin, providing a protective barrier.

Cost: £100-£300 per tooth

Gum Grafts

For sensitivity caused by gum recession, tissue from elsewhere in the mouth covers exposed roots.

Cost: £500-£1,500 per area

Root Canal

For severe, persistent sensitivity that doesn't respond to other treatments, root canal may be necessary to remove the nerve.

Cost: £400-£1,000

Prevention

• Brush twice daily with fluoride toothpaste using soft-bristled brush
• Use proper brushing technique (gentle circular motions)
• Floss daily
• Limit acidic foods and beverages
• Rinse mouth with water after consuming acidic items
• Don't brush immediately after acidic foods (wait 30 minutes)
• Wear a nightguard if you grind teeth
• Visit dentist regularly
• Address gum disease promptly
• Avoid tobacco products

When to See a Dentist

Consult your dentist if:

• Sensitivity persists despite home treatment
• Sensitivity affects only one tooth (may indicate cavity or crack)
• Sensitivity suddenly worsens
• You experience pain without obvious trigger
• You have visible tooth damage
• Sensitivity interferes with eating or drinking

Temporary vs. Chronic Sensitivity

Temporary

Sensitivity after dental work (fillings, crowns, cleaning, whitening) is normal and usually resolves within days to weeks. Use desensitizing toothpaste and avoid extreme temperatures.

Chronic

Ongoing sensitivity requires investigation. It may indicate underlying problems needing treatment rather than just symptom management.

Special Considerations

After Whitening

Tooth whitening commonly causes temporary sensitivity. Use desensitizing toothpaste before, during, and after treatment. Consider longer intervals between sessions.

With Eating Disorders

Frequent vomiting exposes teeth to stomach acid, causing severe enamel erosion and sensitivity. Professional help for the eating disorder is essential.

Prognosis

Most people find relief through desensitizing toothpaste and proper oral care. For those who don't, professional treatments are highly effective. The key is identifying and addressing the underlying cause while managing symptoms.

Don't suffer in silence. Sensitive teeth are treatable, and you don't have to give up your favorite cold drinks or ice cream. Talk to your dentist about finding the right solution for you.